Ginsenosides, also known as panaxosides, are the primary active compounds found in ginseng plants (genus Panax)[1][4]. They are a class of natural product steroid glycosides and triterpene saponins, with over 100 different types identified[4]. Ginsenosides are thought to contribute to ginseng's effect on sexual function through several mechanisms:
- Nitric oxide (NO) production: Ginsenosides promote endothelial nitric oxide release, which improves penile hemodynamics by relaxing the smooth muscles of the corpus cavernosum[2]. This increased NO production enhances blood flow to the penis, facilitating stronger erections[3].
- Hormonal regulation: Some ginsenosides, such as Rb1, have been shown to increase the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland, which can lead to increased testosterone levels[5]. Higher testosterone levels are associated with improved libido and sexual function.
- Neurotransmitter modulation: Certain ginsenosides, like Re, have been found to increase extracellular levels of dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain[5]. These neurotransmitters are involved in sexual desire and arousal, respectively.
- Spermatogenesis: Ginsenosides have been shown to enhance spermatogenesis by increasing the expression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in Sertoli cells and activating testicular cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM)[5]. These effects can improve sperm count and quality.
- Steroid receptor interactions: Due to their structural similarity to steroid hormones, ginsenosides may interact with steroid receptors, including androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors[5]. This interaction could modulate various aspects of sexual function and spermatogenesis.
By acting through these multiple pathways, ginsenosides are believed to contribute to ginseng's overall effects on sexual function, including improved erectile function, increased libido, and enhanced sperm quality[5].
Citations:
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginsenoside
[2] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8094213/
[3] https://www.numan.com/erectile-dysfunction/treatment/complete-guide-to-panax-ginseng-for-erections
[4] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5628327/
[5] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3861174/
[6] https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.4161/spmg.26391
[7] https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=19&contentid=Ginseng
[8] https://www.numan.com/erectile-dysfunction/treatment/benefits-of-ginseng-ed
